Objective: This review will assess the effectiveness of neuromuscular injury prevention strategies on injury rates among adolescent males playing sports. Introduction: Adolescent athletes are predisposed to injuries during this period of growth. Growth-related injury risk factors can be mitigated by implementing appropriate neuromuscular injury prevention strategies. This is the first review to include all sporting disciplines in summarizing the components and assessing the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies in the adolescent male population. Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials investigating adolescent males, between the ages of 13 and 18 years, participating in organized sports, in any setting and level of participation, will be included. Studies reporting on participants with growth abnormalities will be excluded. Methods: Databases searched will include MEDLINE (Pubmed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), CLinicalKey, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDr…
Conventional wisdom dictates that the advent of large organisations engaging innovative managerial practices is a natural by-product of the rationality and technological advancements ensuing from the Industrial Revolution. Accordingly, except for a few studies on medieval and early modern institutions such as armies, feudal estates and governments, preindustrial organisations remain largely unexplored by historians. Arguing for a trans-methodological approach that combines the narrative construction of theoretical constructs with a comprehensive description of events within the historical context in which they evolved, I present a microhistorical case study of the ducal chancery of Renaissance Venice as an exemplar of organisation. Placing particular emphasis on the instrumentality of historical context for the study of preindustrial organisations, I foster a fresh debate on what constitutes ‘organisation’ as a unit of historical analysis, arguing that the phenomenon of organisation was conceived and given m…
Recounting the events of the #NoG20 protests in Hamburg in 2017, particularly the effects of the ban of one large scale protest camp by the authorities, this paper investigates how the protest was re-organized after the ban. Within a wide variety of existing forms of social movement organization (SMO), protest camps are increasingly visible and important, occurring on all continents and with increasing frequency. It appears that making a camp can be a strategy for network-based organization to materialize spatially where formal organizing is absent or eschewed. Based on interviews with participants and document analysis, the paper analyses the emergence of alternative hospitality structures, and of a new antagonism helping to forge a collective identity of the #NoG20 mobilisation. We structure our analysis through the notion of “care for the whole,” in which Rodrigo Nunes describes parameters of strategic action in networked SMO. We advance organizational thinking by extending this notion with two further dim…
This study investigates the role of mobile money innovations in the incidence of income inequality on poverty and severity of poverty in 42 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1980 to 2019. Mobile money innovations are understood as the mobile used to send money and the mobile used to pay bills online while income inequality is measured with the Gini index. Poverty is measured as the poverty headcount ratio while the severity of poverty is generated as the squared of the poverty gap index. The empirical evidence is based on interactive Quantile regressions. The following main findings are established. (i) Income inequality unconditionally reduces poverty and the severity of poverty though the significance is not throughout the conditional distributions of poverty and the severity of poverty. (ii) Mobile money innovations significantly moderate the positive incidence of income inequality on poverty and the severity of poverty in some quantiles. (iii) Positive net effects are apparent exclusively in t…
Desistance and re-entry literature has traditionally explored particular types of women’s relationships and social roles (such as maternal identities and familial relationships), while neglecting the potential for employment and work-related roles to support change. Through interviews with 15 (predominantly Indigenous) women with histories of imprisonment in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article contributes to feminist literature on women’s desistance by exploring the role of employment in their change. The article explores how women (particularly Indigenous women) face significant barriers to employment, based on multiple sites of inequality. It also explores how employment (and employers) can support women’s identity and relational desistance. It is argued that policy and practice should recognize and attempt to leverage the beneficial effects of employment on women’s desistance.
The digital twin, as an important enabling tool for digital transformation, has received increasing attention from researchers and practitioners since its definition was formalised. Especially in the global context impacted by Covid-19, the applications of the digital twin have offered opportunities for many industries. While the digital twin has already widely used in many sectors such as manufacturing, the construction industry, one of the key engines of economic development, is still lagging in the digital twin adoption. This study uses the systematic literature review to assess the applications of digital twin in manufacturing and construction respectively, the benefits it brings, and the impediments to its application. Based on this, a comparison is made of digital twin applications in the manufacturing and construction industries to draw lessons. This study concluded that although the use of digital twin in manufacturing is better than construction overall, it is still not reaching its full potential. D…
According to Carolyne Larrington, legends of the past ‘offer particular kinds of answers - beautiful and mysterious answers… - to very large questions through a kind of metaphorical thinking…which, in their stripped-down clarity, show us what’s really important in an unfamiliar light.’ The claim that ‘what is really important [is disclosed] by casting it in an unfamiliar light’, I take into a philosophical engagement with the figure of the ghost. Far from being of dubious interest for the philosopher of religion, the continuing fascination with ghosts and hauntings offers promising ground for the discussion of religion, for the study of ghosts holds out the possibility of engaging with the wonder and terror of the human condition. In the figure of something that is dead yet alive is a creative representation of the fact that we who are alive are also mortal, destined to die. The resulting confrontation with death arouses anxiety, but also has the potential to enrich life. The wisdom of the ghost thus enables …
The European Parliament has long called for the adoption of a European Prison Charter, a legally binding document that would harmonise broad aspects of prison law at EU level. In the view of both Parliament and EU scholarship, the justification for such harmonization proves, primarily, functional: safeguard the effective operation of mutual recognition instruments in the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice. This is evidenced also by the choice of Article 82(2) TFEU as legal basis. However, the Charter has not been welcomed by the national authorities, who instead challenge the competence of the Union to legislate in the area of detention. National challenges relating to the (il)legitimacy of EU prison law-making seem to be grounded on both domestic and EU-related grounds. Domestically, member states may lack either the political will or the capacity to effectively enforce EU detention legislation; furthermore, EU law itself has been criticized for instrumentalizing detainees’ individual rights. In light of…
Plant cells are a capable system for producing economically and therapeutically important proteins for a variety of applications, and are considered a safer production system than some existing hosts such as bacteria or yeasts. However, plants do not perform protein modifications in the same manner as mammalian cells do. This can impact on protein functionality for plant-produced human therapeutics. This obstacle can be overcome by creating a plant-based system capable of ‘humanising’ proteins of interest resulting in a glycosylation profile of synthetic plant-produced proteins as it would occur in mammalian systems. For this, the human glycosylation enzymes (HuGEs) involved in N-linked glycosylation N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV and V (GNTIV and GNTV), β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (B4GALT1), and α-2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GAL) were expressed in plant cells. For these enzymes to carry out the stepwise glycosylation functions, they need to localise to late Golgi body cisternae. This was achieved by a pro…
Fiscal revenue incentives and local government industrial behavioral choices are informed by the characteristics of local tax systems, which impact local industrial emissions. This study uses data on commodity taxes and industrial emissions in prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2021 to validate the theoretical hypotheses. The results show that (1) there is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of local commodity taxes and industrial emissions; this conclusion is robust. Moreover, under a tax-sharing system, heterogeneity in the emission effects of commodity tax industries can be caused by internal divisions and adjustments in commodity taxes. (2) Transmission channels include expanding the production scale of heavily polluting enterprises and reducing environmental requirements for large taxpayers, and increasing land development. Local areas have been locked into an extensive economic development model, which has increased industrial pollution through dependence on commodity ta…