The objective of this paper is to model and analyse the dynamic response of an automotive lamp assembly. Modern automotive lamp assemblies have complex geometry and are composed of different parts made of polymer materials. As part of design verification, automotive lamp assemblies are subjected to accelerated random vibration tests to assess their integrity over a life-time exposure to mechanical vibration loading. Understanding the dynamic behaviour of the lamp is crucial in the numerical evaluation of the fatigue life. Dynamic analysis involves characterising the modal and harmonic behaviours. In this work, numerical modal properties and harmonic responses were validated using experimental testing. The numerical analysis was carried out using the ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software. Experimental modal properties including mode shapes and corresponding frequencies were determined using Polytec PSV-500 Xtra laser scanning head at a frequency range of 10 to 1000Hz. The experimental harmonic transmiss…
Predator–prey interactions have long served as models for the investigation of adaptation and fitness in natural environments. Anti-predator defences such as mimicry and camouflage provide some of the best examples of evolution. Predators, in turn, have evolved sensory systems, cognitive abilities and physiological resistance to prey defences. In contrast to prey defences which have been reviewed extensively, the evolution of predator counter-strategies has received less attention. To gain a comprehensive view of how prey defences can influence the evolution of predator counter-strategies, it is essential to investigate how and when selection can operate. In this review we evaluate how predators overcome prey defences during (i) encounter, (ii) detection, (iii) identification, (iv) approach, (v) subjugation, and (vi) consumption. We focus on prey that are protected by cardiotonic steroids (CTS)—defensive compounds that are found in a wide range of taxa, and that have a specific physiological target. In this s…
Heparanase (HPSE) is a mammalian endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulphate (HS) side chains of heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), a class of molecules composed of repeating polysulfated disaccharide units of glucosamine and hexuronic acid residues. HPSE controls the availability of growth factors, chemokines, lipoproteins and other bioactive molecules by degrading HS into smaller fractions, allowing the release of saccharide fragments that activate a plethora of signaling processes. HPSE overexpression has been correlated with tumor survival and metastasis as well as several diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the search for molecules that could potentially inhibit HPSE has become increasingly relevant in the clinic. In this study, we have integrated a strategy that combines virtual screening and molecular docking of publicly available chemical databases to identify small compounds that can be developed into novel HP…
At least half of the 20% of mothers who experience mental health problems (MHPs) during pregnancy or after birth are not receiving the help they need that will lead to recovery. In order to identify where improvements need to be made it is necessary to describe exactly what is being done and the barriers and facilitators that compromise or enhance optimal care. The majority of mothers experience mild to moderate anxiety or depression. The expectation is that primary care professionals, such as health visitors (HVs), can provide the support they need that will lead to recovery. The aim of this study was explore the views of HVs regarding the content and purpose of an intervention to support mothers with MHPs, described as ‘listening visits’ (LVs). A link to an on-line survey was offered to the members and champions of the Institute of Health Visiting (n=9,474) March – May 2016. The survey was completed by 1599 (17%) of the target population, of whom 85% were offering LVs. The Template for Intervention Descript…
When the NICE guideline for antenatal and postnatal mental health was updated in December 2014, the intervention delivered by health visitors, described as ‘listening visits’, was not included in the recommendations as one of a number of possible, evidence-based options of support. Maternal mental health is one of the six high impact areas designated as a fundamental component of health visiting practice. This review demonstrates how health visitors are uniquely placed to fulfill many of the recommendations in the updated NICE guideline and have a pivotal part to play in prevention, early identification, prompt treatment and improved outcomes for mothers, their partners and their babies. The review also highlights the challenges of delivering the recommended levels of perinatal mental health information, advice and support amidst budget cuts, reorganization of services and conflicting policy priorities.
Aim: To understand the factors influencing parental attitudes towards antibiotic prescribing. Background: Overuse of antibiotics and inappropriate prescribing has resulted in rapid development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and is significant global threat to patient safety. In Primary Care settings, substantial numbers of antibiotics are prescribed for young children, despite viral nature of illness for which antibiotics are ineffective. Parents, play a vital role in decision making regarding accessing healthcare services and requesting treatment for their children. Design: A systematic review was conducted in alignment with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement (Moher et al 2015). Methods. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, BRITISH NURSING INDEX, EMBASE and PUBMED databases were searched for primary research published between 2006-16. All types of primary research were searched and screened against inclusion criteria. The Critical A…
Objectives. This review aims to describe the role of the school nurse in protecting children and young people from maltreatment by examining the international literature. Child maltreatment is a prevalent issue in global society today and includes physical, emotional and sexual abuse, neglect and exploitation. School nurses are ideally placed to identify and work with children and young people who are at risk of maltreatment through their regular contact with the school community. Design. Integrative literature review incorporating thematic analysis. Data Sources. Electronic databases British Nursing Database, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library Database for Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Search Terms: Role, School Nurse, Child Maltreatment. Review Methods. Initial title and abstract review of 444 studies resulted in 78 studies for full text review. Additional search strategies identified one relevant stud…
There is a clear link between the development of obesity with poor diet and exercise behaviours. In the UK, excess weight is more prevalent among men than women: 41% of men and 31% of women are classed as overweight (BMI 25.0 -29.9 kg/m2); 68% and 58% of men and women respectively are overweight or obese (BMI≥ 25 kg/m2). An increase in BMI is also associated with a greater risk of mortality in men than in women however men are under-represented in lifestyle interventions for weight loss: In 2016, 7% of Slimming World members were men. It has been argued that men may perceive larger bodies to be more masculine and more desirable to women. Furthermore, factors contributing to male obesity such as eating large portions and consuming large volumes of alcohol, can be viewed as quintessentially masculine behaviours. To promote weight loss and reduce obesity among men, it is useful to understand which social interactions influence male weight loss behaviours. It is known that men in heterosexual relationships often…